Apparatus for extracting fibers from fiber-bearing plants



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ATTORNEYS.

Aug. 21, 1956 w. B. slMoNs 2,759,224 APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FIBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS Filed June 21, 195o 12 Sheets-Sheet 4 HOv ho/.r mmm w N. .0 .n 0 vMm A 2 .7 DD fm fdl B 7.

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APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FIBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS Filed June 21, 1950 12 Sheets-Sheet 6 1N V EN TOR.

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ATTORNEYS.'

W. B. SIMONS APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FIBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS Apg. 21, 1956 12 Sheets-Sheet '7 lFiled June 21, 1950 ATTORNEYS Aug- 21, 1956 w. B. slMoNs 2,759,224

APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING F'IBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS Filed June 21, 1950 12 Sheets-Sheet 8 Wulff 'C Q- 2,0

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APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FIBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS Filed .June 21, 195o 12 Sheei-,s-Sheet 9 1N V EN TOR.

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ATTORNEYS.,

Aug. 21, 1956 w. B. slMQNs APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FIBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS 12 Sheets-Sheet lO Filed June 21, 1950 JNVENTOR Wcrg B. 51'2220225, ML, b M

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APPARATUS FOR EXTRCTING FIBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS Filed June 21, 1950 12 Sheets-Sheet l2 INVEN TOR.

w21/Z ez' B. Sz'zzzozzs, @www United States Patent O APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTIN G FIBERS FROM FIBER-BEARING PLANTS Walter B. Simons, Buffalo, N. Y., assignor to W. B.

Simons Industries, Inc., Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application .lune 21, 1950, Serial No. 169,348

22 Claims. (Cl. 19-11) This invention relates to improvements in decorticating or extracting plant bers from various plant parts.

In the extraction of bers, it is very important that the bers be cleaned to the maximum extent in the decorticating machine so that the final cleaning thereof by chemical processes is reduced to the minimum for the purpose of reducing the cost of producing the fibers and also to avoid weakening of the fibers by chemical action.

One object of this invention is to provide an improved ber extracting machine and a method by means of which the bers are more rapidly and thoroughly cleaned.

Another object is to provide an improved machine and method in which the handling of the bers and the plant parts from which they are derived is reduced to a m-ini- 1929, a decorticating machine is shown comprising a rasping roll and a stationary plate, and in which the plant parts to be decorticated were passed in the direction of their length rst in one direction between the roll and the plate and then withdrawn in the opposite direction.

Another object of this invention is to provide a machine which is so constructed that the plant part passes only in one direction between the rasping drum and the plate while the fibers are being extracted, thus increasing the capacity 100 per cent.

A further object is to provide a machine of this type in which a converging entrance is provided between one end of the rasping drum or roll and the corresponding end of the plate, between which, the plant part to be treated may be inserted in a direction parallel to the axis of the rasping roll, and then withdrawn in a direction roll and its cooperating plate in a direction parallel to the axis of the drum, and in which the plant parts are then withdrawn in the direction of their length between the rasping roll and plate so that the ber extraction begins at the butt portion of the plant portion or stem and terminates at the tip of the plant part.

In all ber bearing plants, the bers are much more numerous in the butt portion of the leaf or stem, and the tip of the leaf or stem contains relatively few bers. Consequently, when the steml or stalk is introduced between the rasping roll and its plate, the bers adjacent the butt end of the stem will be cleaned to a much greater extent than the fibers near the top of the plant. The numerous bers at the butt portion will be closely pressed together and will ll the space between the blades of the rasping roll and the plate, whereas, when the tip bers pass be- 2,759,224 iiaterlted Aug. 2l, 1956 ICC tween the roll and the plate, there will be ample space for the smaller number of bers to pass between the roll and plate without a thorough cleaning of these bers.

A further object of this invention, consequently, is to provide a method and a machine of this type in which the stalks or stems of the plants are so withdrawn from the machine that the bers at the tip portions of the stems or stalks will be cleaned as thoroughly as the bers of the butt portions.

Another object of this invention is to provide a machine of this type with means for automatically grasping the butt ends of the leaves or stems and conveying them into the space between the rasping roll and its plate, and then withdrawing the bers from the rasping roll and plate and discharging them.

A further object is to provide a machine of this type which includes carrying means, such as sprocket chains carrying gripping or clamping devices for the plant parts, and in which the sprocket chains are guided to present the stems or leaves into operative relation to the rasping roll and plate and for withdrawing the cleaned bers from the space between the rasping roll and plate.

A further object of this invention is to provide a machine of this type in which the ber leaves or stems will pass through the space between the rasping roll and its plate only once, and in which the lower portion of the space between the rasping roll and its plate serves to loosen and remove most of the non-brous portions of the leaves or stems and the upper portion of the space between the roll and the plate through which the fibers pass after most of the non-brous material has been removed therefrom, will serve for cleaning remaining undesired plant parts and broken cell structure from the bers.

A further object is to provide a rasping roll of new and improved construction for more thorough cleaning of the bers.

A further object is to provide a machine of this type with improved means for cutting the extracted bers from the butt portions of the stalks which are gripped in the gripping jaws of the machine.

A further object is to provide a machine of this type in which the gripping jaws, after cutting of the extracted bers from the butt portions of the stalks or leaves, are opened'and the butts removed therefrom.

A further object is to provide means for positioning the leaves or stems of plants relatively to the machine in such a manner that the butt portions thereof can be grasped by the gripping devices of the machine.

A further object is to provide a machine of this type in which the stems or leaves are gripped while in a substantially horizontal position and in which the stems or stalks are bent downwardly into substantially vertical positions in which they are suspended from the gripping members for feeding to the ber extracting roll and plate.

Another object is to provide mechanism for collecting the extracted bers after the same have been cleaned and cut from the butts of the stalks or leaves and for conveying the bers into position in which they can be readily removed from the ber conveyor.

A further object is to provide a machine in which the extracted ber, after being cut from the butts, is deposited on the ber conveyor in equal bundles, all fibers being parallel and butts even, which is an essential requirement for the subsequent process of degumming.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of one embodiment of the invention and the novel features will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection with the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate by way of example one embodiment of this invention:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a ber extracting machine 3 embodying this invention, the structure for feeding the plant parts to be acted upon being partly shown and the mechanism for conveying the extracted fiber from the machine being omitted from this figure.

Fig. 2 is an end elevation thereof, showing the feed end of the machine.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a machine, partly broken away and showing the mechanism for removing the fibers from the machine.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary top plan view thereof, on an enlarged scale, on line 4 4, Fig. 3, showing the feed end of the machine at which the leaves `or stems are gripped by the gripping members of the machine.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional top plan view thereof, o n line 5 5, Fig. 3, showing the rasping roll and the plate cooperating therewith.

i Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional elevation thereof approximately on line 6 6, Fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary, longitudinal sectional elevation thereof, on line 7 7, Fig, l, showing the plant parts entering the space between the roll and plate.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentaryy sectional elevation of the ma.- chine, on line 8 8, Fig. 1, showing the mechanism for cutting the fibers from the stalks after the fibers have been extracted.

Fig. 9 is a similar fragmentary sectional elevation thereof, on line 9 9, Fig. l.

Fig. 10 is a central sectional elevation thereof, on a larger scale, of one -of the gripping devices for holding the stalks or leaves from whichl fibers are to be extracted.

Fig. ll is Aa sectional elevation thereof, on line 11 11, Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary sectional plan view thereof, on line 12--12, Fig. 10.

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary top plan view of the mechanism for conveying the plant parts, butts even, to the receiving portion of the machine, the grips.

Fig, 14 is a fragmentary sectional elevation thereof, on line 14 14, Fig. 13, showing how the stems are shoved against the butt bar 63.

Fig. 15 is a fragmentary sectional plan view of the fiber collecting and'discharge mechanism of the machine, the section being taken on line 15 15, Fig. 3.

Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the fiber collecting and discharge mechanism.

Fig. 17 is a sectional plan view thereof, on line 17 17, Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 is a vertical section thereof, taken along line 1li- 18, lFig. 16.

Fig. 19 is a horizontal section thereof, on line 19, 19, Fig. 18.

Fig. 20 is a section thereof, on line 20 2(l, Fig. 16, ShQwing the means for temporarily receiving the extractedfibers discharged from the gripping members on the machine.

Fig. 2l is a top plan view of the construction shown in Fig. 2,0.

Fig. 2,2 is an enlarged cross section of the extracting roll and the plate cooperating therewith.

Fig. 23 lis an enlarged perspective view of a knife supporting bracket and showing a knife mounted thereon, for cutting the extracted bers from the butt ends of the stalks or leaves.

Fig. 24 is an enlarged perspective view of a post which limits the. extent to which the fibers may move lengthwise of the extracting roll and plate.

The machine includes a suitable frame of any desired construction, that shown including horizontal frame members 20 and upright members 21, suitably secured together and on which the various parts of the machine are mounted.

Briefly stated, the machine shown in the drawings in,- cludes a pair of sprocket chains 23 arranged one above the other and meshing with upper and lower pairsy of sprocket gears 24, 25 and 26. The chains travel in a.

substantially triangular path and carry a plurality of gripping or clamping members 27 which receive the stalks or plant parts to be operated upon and feed them to a fiber extracting or rasping roll 28 which cooperates with a rasping plate 29 and withdraws the fibers from the space between the roll and plate. The two chains travel in substantially horizontal planes, one above the other, and the gripping members 27 receive the stalks or stems from feed belts 30 to which they are transferred from a harvester attached to the travelling fiber extracting machine. The butts of the stems are grasped by the gripping or clamping members 27 and are carried to the rasping roll 28. To support the weight of the gripping members and the plant parts carried thereby, chain guides 23a are provided, which support the lower chain 23.

It is very desirable to pass the stalks or stems into the space between the rasping roll and its plate in such a manner that the rasping or cleaning will begin in the immediate vicinity of Ithe butt ends of stalks, and for this purpose, the decorticating or rasping roll 28 and the plate V29 are so formed or flared that the stalks or other plant parts may be fed between the roll and vthe plate while moving in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the roll. For this purpose, the alternately arranged .bldS 32 and 33 of the roll are tapered or converge as shown at 34 and 34 respectively, see particularly Figs. .1 and ,5, .and the plate is also provided with an outwardly curved end portion 35, thus forming a bight or flaling ellilane between the blades of the roll and the plate, into which entrance the portions of the plant parts adjacent ,to the butts may be introduced while moving substantially parallel to the axis of the roll. The flaring ends of the blades gradually reduce `the stalk or plant part in thickness so that it will readily enter into the small clearance between the blades and the plate. The shaft or reduced ends of the roll 2S may be suitably journallcd in bearings 37, Figs, l, 5 and 7, on the frame of the machine and .thoSe hearings are movable by means of adjusting screws 38 to provide the desired clearance between the edges of the blades 32 and 33 and the rasping plate 29, and the bearings may be clamped in adjusted position by means of bolts 39.

After the butt portions of the stalks or stems have been inserted between the rasping roll and plate by moving the same in a direction parallel to the axis of the roll, they are pulled out of the space between the roll and plate in a direction transverse of the axis of the roll, due to the movement of the clamping devices with the chains around the sprocket gears 24 and toward the sprocket gears 2,5, as shown in Fig. 1. When the fibers have been completely pulled out of engagement with the decorti eating or tsping roll and plate, they pass to cutting mechanisrn which cuts the extracted fibers from the butts held by the gripping devices. The fibers are then deposited on a ffiber discharge mechanism which carries the fibers into a convenient location for removal from the machine. The gripping devices are subsequently opened and freed of the butts which are left after the extracted fibers have been cut therefrom, and then travel onto the conveyor belt 30 which carries freshly cut stalks to the machine, from which the gripping devices grasp another load of stalks. The gripping devices then pass with the chains around the sprocket gears 26 to the sprocket gears 24, where these stalks are passed between the roll 2S and plate 29, whereupon the extracting operation is repeated. Means other than sprocket chains may be used to carry the gripping devices in their path to the various parts of the machine- Sinee the rasping roll is operated at a high rate of speed,r for example, approximately 3000 R. P. M., it is sometimes difficult to move the stalks into the small fiber extracting spaces between the blades of the rasping roll and the plate 29. Therefore this entry of the stalks into the space is facilitated by providing some of the extracting blades with tapers 34 some of which are inclined to the axis of the roll to a greater extent than others. For example, in the construction shown, the blades 32 have a more gradual taper than the blades 33 and consequently, when the stalks enter into the bight between the blades and the rasping plate Z9, the more abruptly inclined ends 34 of the blades 33 will engage the stalks before the less abruptly inclined ends of the blades 32.. By employing different inclinations at the ends of the blades, no diiculty is experienced in causing the stalks to enter the small space between the blades and the plate. While I have provided alternate blades with entrance portions of ditferent inclinations, it will be obvious that if desired every third or fourth blade may be provided with a more abrupt inclination than the remaining blades. As a result of this construction, and because of the V-shaped bight between the roll and the rasping plate the butt parts of the stalks or leaves of the ber bearing plants adjacent to the gripping devices 27 may be readily passed in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of the roll into the small clearance between the edges of the blades of the roll 28 and the plate 29, which clearance may be on the order of approximately ve thousandths of an inch. The inclined parts of the blades 32 and 33 remove some of the pulp and bark portions of the plant parts and reduce the thickness of the same so that they will more readily enter the small clearance between the main or straight portions of the blades and the plate where the main ber extraction takes place.

Referring to the patent previously mentioned, in the mechanical ber extracting operations as heretofore carried on, the upper or tip ends of the leaves or stems were fed downwardly into the space between the roll and the plate, and consequently, the waste pulp of the plant was deflected against the extracted bers and adhered thereto. During the withdrawal of the ber this broken and mashed cell structure adhering to the bers was not completely removed. It is Very hygroscopic, and after drying, again readily absorbs moisture from the air, thus favoring the development of mildew which rapidly destroys the luster, produces stains on the fibers and nally decreases their tensile strength. By means of the construction shown in the drawings, the waste pulp of the plants is also deected downwardly, but since the eX- tracted bers are above the rolls, none of this waste material is deflected against the fibers.

Further improved cleaning of the bers results from the improved construction of the blades of the rasping roll and the rasping plate, which is shown more in detail in Figs. 7 and 22. Referring particularly to Fig. 22, it will be noted that as the stalks or leaves are moved upwardly in the space between the roll and the plate, due to the gripping members moving away from the plate 29 during their travel from the sprocket wheels 24 to the sprocket wheels 25, the removal of the pulp, bark and other waste material takes place at the lower portion of the plate 29 where the stalk or leaf parts enter the extracting space between the roll and plate. The rasping plate has the usual partly cylindrical surface 40 which is spaced in close proximity to the outer surfaces of the blades ot' the roll, and an outwardly extending or downwardly aring part 4l, the lower portion of which is spaced at a considerable distance from the blades of the roll, and this part 41 gradually merges into the cylindrical part 40, thus forming an easy entrance for the untreated plant parts as they are drawn upwardly into the space between the roll and plate. Most of the waste parts are separated from the plant bers in the tapering entrance space defined by the plate part 41 and in the lowermost portion of the cylindrical part 40. Consequently, very little of the waste plant parts enter into the space between the roll and the cylindrical part 40 of the plate above the lowermost portion thereof. This space above the lowermost portion is, therefore, ernployed for further cleaning of the extracted bers and removal of waste material therefrom by the brushing action of the blades of the rapidly revolving roll.

In the previously mentioned patent the extracting work began and continued at the upper edge of the extracting plate. In the present machine, the conditions are reversed. The work or application of power is at the lower edge of the extracting plate, extracting ber against the strain of the gripping devices pulling the plant parts between the revolving blades and the plate portion 41. Thus the pull of the grip in one direction and the work of the extracting blades creating and maintaining a force in the opposite direction draws the extracted bers B taut.

Therefore, the bers traveling upward on the plate, under strain at both ends do not simply slide up in the space between the roll and the plate as in the previously mentioned patent, but instead the bers are drawn tightly over the edges of the extracting blades. That is to say that each ber assumes the form of several short cords of the arc of the plate. These cords are alternately of different lengths because alternate blades are diicult distances apart. Each ber then tends to vibrate through the vertical distance between the center of the cord and the arc.

Inspection of Fig. 22 will also make it clear that, since the extracted ber is withdrawn by the gripping devices with considerable tension over the upper edge of the plate 29, due to the force applied to the plant parts at the lower portion of this plate, this tension will tend to cause the bers to stretch across the outer edges of the blades of the roll from blade to blade, thus becoming cords of the arc between adjacent blades. The portions of the bers forming the cords change constantly due to the rapid travel of the blades. Consequently, it is evident that portions of the bers will vibrate to and from the cylindrical surface to the plate many times per second as the various blades of the roll travel at high speed past the bers.

The intense brushing of the bers in the upper portion of the space between the roll and the plate in the machine shown in the drawings, after the bers have been preliminarily separated from most of the pulp and outer skin of the plant in the lower portion of this space, results in a thorough cleaning of the individual bers and expels the broken cell structure resulting from the ber extraction and also a greater part of the plant juices, due to the tension of the bers when passing through the upper part of this space. The heavier gums are thrown out either separately or as they adhere to cell structure which is removed during this cleaning operation.

The outer edges of the blades of the extracting roll, except as hereinafter specied, are all parallel to each other but the blades are preferably so arranged that the distances from one blade to two adjacent blades are not equal. The slant or inclination of adjacent blades from radial planes passing through the axis of the drum is different, every other blade, in the particular construction shown, extending at an inclination in one direction from such radial planes and the intermediate blades ex tending at an inclination in the opposite direction with reference to radial planes of the roll. This results in the formation of pockets or troughs in the roll which differ in volume. The blades act somewhat in the nature of fan blades and the direction of ow of air is dilerent from alternate blades. The bers are, consequently, subjected to blasts of air currents of varying pressures and directions at speeds upwards of sixty miles per hour resulting from the high speed at which the roll revolves, and these air currents produce a super-cleaning elfect on the bers vibrating in the space between the cylindrical portion of the plate and the edges of the blades. This air blast carries away most of the acids, moisture and broken `cell structure and the gums which other-wise would have to be chemically removed from the bers. The apparatus described, therefore, decreases the cost of V'tofore constructed. vnate'd in the 'machine shown due to the Ifact that there siibsetiiient. treatment of the fibers t remove gums or particlesz oflpulp or the like remaining on the extracted Furthermore; the fact that less chemical cleaning the fibers is required, tends to preserve the tensile strength of the fibers B. A

In plants from which fibers are commonly extracted, all thefibers of the particularleaf, stem, or stalk of the plant exist in the butt portion thereof andethese fibers extend upwardly to difterentlengths, relatively lfew ot the fibers extending to the vtip of the plant part. In fiber extracting machines as heretofore constructed, the same space between the roll and the plate was used for extracting the fibers from all parts of theplant, andconsequ'ently, when operating at the butt portions ofthe leaves` or stalks, this space would be well filled with fibers, but when ,the tip portion of the plant was operated upon in the same space, this space wa'svery sparsely occupied by fibers alla the result of this was therme fibers at the tip portions of the plants werewvery poorly cleaned befcfause the pulp and other undesired partspof the plants were only partly removed froml the tip portions. This difficulty is overcome in the construction shown in the drawings as is clearly illustrated in Fig. l, in lwhich it will be noted that as the gripping devices are moving about the sprocket gears 24, they initially present the stalks or leaves in succession to the space between the roll and the plat'e.,. As `the grippingdevices are movedby the chain If ro'm the sprocket wheels 24 toward the sprocketvwheels 25, `their componentl of travel in ay direction leiigthwise of the lroll axisis materially reduced sothat the fibers of a number of gripping `devices become hunched together. Consequently, the fibers from the foremost gripping devvicehave the fibers of the three following gripping devices closely spaced, and some of the fibers of oneI gripping device may vactually overlaptlie fibers of another gripping device. This overlappingor shingling of the fibers of one gripping device with those of lthe followi'n'g gripping devices, results in a substantiallyconstant fqantity of fibers being'operated upon perunit of length y,of the space between the roll andthe plate. `Consequently, all of the fibers from all parts of the plant will be equally well cleaned. l l.

The bunching or overlapping of the fibers of several .gripping devices may be controlled by different means,

ksuch as variation of the distance between'gripping devices, the number of stems or stalks held by each gripping device or varying the angle between the run` of the chains between, pulleys '24 and 25rand ,pulleys `24 and 26. The bunching of the fibers of different gripping inembersmay also be controlled by means of an adjustvable upright post 45, see Figs. l, .and 24, which is suit- Aably mounted on a part of the frame and extends upwardly in proximity to and above the upper e'nd of the lextracting plate 29. This post has the further advanltage of preventing any of the lfibers from passing beyond 'the end of the roll 28A and thus becoming `wound around themroll or shaft. The post may be adjusted lengthwise of the roll andplate inany suitable ordesired manner. As shown in Fig. 7, the extracting lplate'29 hasva base '46 jwhich maylbemountcd, for example ,by m'eansnof `bolts *'48, on a transverse frame member 47. `Vl`he-extracting 'plate has an upwardly extending face 49 'on the side thereof opposite to the cylindrical faceand this lface lmay be provided at intervals with threaded, apertures to receivescrews passing through aperturesf)l in thefpost 4S so that the post may be adjusted lengthwise of the plate l2*9 as 'may be desired Awhen operating on fibers of different types. Any other means for limiting the extent Ato which the fibers may move lengthwise "of theplate 29 may be provided, if desired. The construction described has the furtheradvant'a'ge that itentirely y'eliminates the 'possibility of fibers windingwth'ems'elves about the roll,

which has been a serious handicap with v-machines here- The pt'SkS-ibility is Vfurther "elimi- .trs this rams. in the fieldthe gripping devices grasp a substantially equal number are no fibers below the roll which can become caught by the revolving roll, since only plant parts from which fibers have no't been extracted extend below the roll. The extracted and cleaned fibers are under tension by the gripping devices and are being continuously pulled away from the roll as soon as they are extracted and cleaned, and consequently, cannot become wound about the roll.

The stems after passing into the extracting space between the blades and the plate will provide a substantially constant amount of fiber in the portion of the extracting space adjacent to the entrance to this space. This portion of the extracting space between the roll and lthe plate adjacent to the entrance is filled with fiber which :exists in the butts of the leaves or stems. As the extracti'o'nof the fibers proceeds and the plant parts are pulled through this space, the amount of fiber in the space will be reduced as the gripping devices move farther away from theextracting roll and plate, due to the fact vthat 'the intermediate and tip portions of the plant parts contain fewer bers than the butt portions thereof. For example, if the gripping devices 27 are spaced twelve inches apart on the carrier chain, then when the fibers of ther'st gripping device which enter into the extracting space have moved about twelve inches away from the roll, the fibers of the following gripping device are partly supe'ritnposedv on the bers held by the first gripping device, oigcrowd the fibers of the first gripping device toward or against the stop 45. When the first gripping deviceis 24 inches from the plate 29, the fibers from the vthird ngripping device are also either superimposed or pushedl against the fiber of both the first and second 'gripping device, and it is then possible that there may be too yfiber in the extracting space adjacent to the post Similarly if long-fibered plant parts, such for example', as framie, are being operated upon, the fibers of 'four different gripping devices may be in the extracting yspace between the roll and the plate, and there is, consernentIy, the possibility that some of the fibers will be rasped orv scraped excessively, even though the fibers from the first gripping device will be somewhat reduced in bulk, because only the few fibers in the tip of the first group of stems are in the extracting space.

'In order to overcome the possibility of damaging the Vfibers adjacent to the post 45, I preferably' provide a 'slightly increased clearance between the ends of the blades of the roll and the plate at the portion of the roll at the fibers from a number of gripping devices will become superimposed or pushed against each other. This mayv be accomplished by having tbe outer edges of thelbladesdof the roll converge slightly from approximatelythe middle portion of the roll to the end thereof opposite to the end at which the fibers enter. This tapering of the outer edges of the blades of the roll may, y of c0urse,vvary according to the particular type of plant on which the machine is operating and under average rconditions, :theedges of the blades, from approximately 'the middle portion of the roll, may taper to the extent of about .O20 inch per foot. The amount ot this increased extracting Aspace. which is occupied by fibers may be controlled as required by adjusting the stop post 45 length wise of the extracting plate 29. By means of this arrangement, the plant parts are subjected to the maxithe left 'in Fig. l, and lthis feeding of the stalks is illustrated by vway of example in Figs. 13 and 14, in which the-plant 'parts A are fed from a cutting or harvesting machineupon the belts 30, These plant parts as shown in the lowerpart of Fig. 13 arrive at the fiber extracting machine'lrnore `or less irregularly spaced as they are cut In order to have each of abbaze.

4 of stalks it is desirable to place the stalks closely to- "gether and also with their butt ends in alinement.

For this purpose, a sprocket chain 55 is provided and teeth or projections 56 thereon. The chain cooperates with sprocket wheels supported on shafts 57 mounted in bearings 58 at the lower ends of frame members 59 suitably secured at their upper ends to the frame of 'the decorticating machine and one of the shafts 57 is provided with a pulley 60 cooperating with a belt 61 suitably driven from a rotating part of the machine. The chain is supported immediately above the stalks or plant parts to be operated upon and is driven at a speed slightly greater than the speed of the belts 30. The teeth 56 engage the stalks and advance them so that all of the stalks will lie closely together as shown in the upper portion of Fig. 13. The teeth 56 of the chains advance the stalks until they engage a stop 62, Fig. 2. Any other means for moving the stalks closely together may be provided, if desired.

In order to move the stalks or other plant parts in the direction of their length so that the butt ends thereof will be in alinement, a stop member 63, Figs. l, 4, 13 and 14, is provided against which the butt ends of the stalks may be positioned. This positioning or lengthwise movement of the stalks is effected by means of a roll mounted below the stalks which are carried on the conveyor belts 30. This positioning roll includes a substantially cylindrical surface 64, Fig. 13, terminating in a tapering or approximately frusto-conical surface 65 which converges in the direction opposite to the travel of the belts 30. The positioning roll is located so that the upper surface thereof is slightly above the conveyor belts 30, as shown in Fig. 14. Consequently, the belts and the pins 56 of the chain 55 move the stalks up the inclined portion 65 of the roll onto the substantially cylindrical portion 64 thereof, thus lifting portions of the stalks slightly above the upper surfaces of the belts Sil. The roll is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 14 in any suitable manner, for example, by means of a belt 66 driven from a part of the machine. As the stalks A are lifted upon the cylindrical portion of the roll they are also moved by the roll in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 14 until they abut the stop member 63.. Consequently, when the stalks are moved closely together and with their butt ends in alinement, they aref ready to be grasped by the gripping devices. Any other means for alining the butts of the stalks may be provided.

The gripping devices may be of any desired construc-l tion, for example as shown in Figs. 8 to l2. Each gripping device includes a C-shaped frame member 70, the: upper and lower ends of which may be suitably secured to the upper and lower chains 23 in any desired manner. In the construction illustrated, the chains are provided with. links having enlarged portions 71 adjacent to the pivotsl thereof and these enlarged portions may be secured toy the upper and lower parts of the frame members 70 in any desired manner, for example, by means of screws` 72, Fig. 10. The lower leg of the C-shaped frame mem-A ber 70 of each gripping member has a gripping jaw 73' rigidly secured thereto, the upper surface of which is: provided with any suitable surface for gripping the plant parts to be operated upon, and which is formed to cooperate with an upper jaw member 74 movably mounted on the frame member 70. In the construction shown fof this purpose, the upper jaw member 74 is mounted on thelower end of a plunger 75 slidable vertically in an aperture formed in a jaw supporting member 76. This supporting member is movably mounted on the C-shaped, frame member 70 of the gripping device to move toward and from the lower jaw, for example, by means of two' pairs of parallel links 77. One of the ends of the lower pair of links 77 are pivoted to the supporting member' 76 by means of pivot pins 78 and the other ends of: these links are connected with the frame member 7(lf by means of a pivot 79. Similarly the upper pair ofc links 77 are connected by means of pivots 80 and 81 respectively with the supporting member 76 and the frame member 70. By means of this mounting, the supporting member 76 is movable vertically relatively to the frame members 70 and the lower jaw 73.

Suitable spring means, such for example as a pair of spring disks or leaves 84 are provided between the lower end of the supporting member 76 and the upper jaw 74 and the plunger 75 is mounted so as to move relatively to its supporting member 76, being for this purpose provided with a slot 85 through which the pivot member 78 extends, as clearly shown in Fig. 10. This pivot pin 78, consequently, holds the plunger 75 against rotation so as to keep the upper jaw 74 in alinement with the lower jaw 73.

Suitable locking means are provided for holding the upper jaw member in its lower or closed position when the plant parts A are between the jaws, and in the construction shown for this purpose, a dog or latch member 88 is pivotally mounted at its upper end on the C-shaped frame member 70 and has its lower end positioned to engage a step or projection 89 extending outwardly from the supporting member 76. The dog or latch 88 is yieldingly held in its lower or gripping position by means of a spring 90, that shown being in the form of a coil spring extending about a rod 91 pivotally connected at one end thereof with the dog or latch 88 and extending out through an aperture in the frame member 70. This rod is provided at the outer end thereof with a disk or wheel 92. When the parts are in gripping position, as shown in Fig. l0, the d-og or latch 88 is in engagement with the step 89 of the supporting member 76, and the upper jaw 74 is thus yieldingly pressed toward the lower jaw and into engagement with the plant parts A by means of the springs 84 which are interposed between the supporting members'76 and the upper jaw 74. These springs 84 compensate for variations in thickness of the fibers in the plant parts to be grasped by the gripping device, and compensate for wear and the yielding hold avoids that excessive pressure which could crush `or sever the fibers.

After the extracted and cleaned fibers have been withdrawn from the extracting roll and plate and cut from the butt portions of the stalks held by the gripping de- Vices, as will be hereinafter explained, the upper jaw is moved up out of engagement with the butts of the stalks and this is effected by means of a cam member mounted on an arm 96, see Fig. 4, and secured to a frame member of the machine. This cam 95 has an inclined face arranged in the path of movement of the roller 92 so that as the roller rides on the inclined face of the cam 95 during the movement of the clamping device, it is drawn to the right from the position shown in Fig. 10. This results in a corresponding movement of the rod 91, which in turn moves the latch 83 out of engagement with the projection 89 of the supporting member 76. When this happens, the links 77 are swung upwardly by suitable springs 97, see particularly Fig. l2, which are coiled about the pivots 79 and 81. One end of each spring engages the frame member 70 and the other end engages a link 77. These springs 97 urge the links 77 to swing about their pivots 79 and 81 and thus move the supporting member 76 and upper jaw member 74 upwardly to release the butts of the stalks held thereby. Upon further movement of the gripping members around the sprocket wheels 25, as shown in Fig. 4, the upper and lower jaws pass respectively above and below a stationary butt removing member or projection 98 suitably Secured to one of the frame members of the machine. Consequently, as the jaws Iof the grip- ;ping member move relatively to the butt removing member 98, the butts of the stalks are removed from between 'zthe jaws and are permitted to fall upon the ground over further travel of the gripping members about the sprocket wheels 25,- the j'aws of the gripping members will pass above and below the stop member 63 against which the butts of the stalks are moved by the stalk moving roll which has been described. Upon further movement of the chains 23, the gripping member will approach the portion of the stalk feeding mechanism invwhic'h the stalks are pushed closely together by means of the fingers 56 on the chain 55, Fig. 13, against the stop 62, Fig. 2. When a gripping device arrives at this point, its upper jaw is again moved downwardly into position to grip a series of plant parts A.

This gripping of the butt portions of the stalks or plant parts is effected by means of a wheel or disk 100 rotatably mounted on the supporting member 76 and positioned to cooperate with a cam or inclined portion 101 mounted on a bracket 102 secured to the frame of. the machine, see particularly Figs. 2 and l0. As the roller 100 contacts with the inclined portion 101, the jaw supporting member 76 together with the upper .jaw 74 of the gripping member will be moved downwardly into gripping eng-agement with a series of stalks or leaves temporarily held against movement with 'the belts 3f) by means of the stop 62. While the supporting member 76 holds the upper jaw in compressed position in engagement with the series of plant parts A, the spring 90 urges the dog or latch 38 into engagement with the upper jaw supporting member 76 so that the upper jaw will be held in gripping position for carrying the plant parts A.

Means are also provided for automatically moving the stop member 62, which holds the'stalks or plant parts against movement with the belts 310, into stalk releasing position. vin the construction shown for this purpose, the stop member 62 is mounted on one end of a curved spring 104, the other end being secured to the bracket 102. The supporting member 76 yof the upper jaw is provided at the outer side thereof with a cam Vmember 105 which, in the construction shown, is -of angle-shaped cross section and has a downwardly and forwardly Vinclined portion 166. As soon as the upper jaw is lowered into stalk gripping position, this inclined 'part 106 W-ill engage a roller 107 mounted on the stop member 62, thus raising the 4roller and stop member 62. The inclined part 1%6 of the cam member terminates in a substantially horizontal part on which the roller 107 may roll while holding the stop member 62 out of its operative position, 'and as soon as this roller reaches the end of the horizontal part of a cam member of a gripping device, the spring 104 will move the stop member 62 back Yintopesition to stop stalks which are being fed by the belts 30, until they in turn are grasped by the next gripping 'device The stalks or plant parts to be operated -upon bythe machine are supported substantially horizontally on the belts 30 and, in order to pass them into the Vshaped bight between the decorticat-ing rolll28 and its -.plate\29, the plant parts ymust be bent or swung downwardly. This may be accomplished in any suitable manner, and inthe construction shown by way of example, a cam .plate or strip 110, Fig. 2, is provided, one end of which may be secured to the bracket or frame parti2-and the other -'end of which maybe secured to another vbracket 111, also secured to the frame fof the machine. rPhe cam plate 110 is so lshaped as to engage the stalks-or stems-after they leave the feed belts 30 -an'd deflect themdownwardly -about the -lower jaw, for example, from lthe full line position shown in Fig. 10,'to the broken line position. The portions of the stalks to be lpresented to the liber `extracting roll and plate will, consequently, hang downwardly from the lower jaws of the gripping.;*devices'lduring Athe movement of the gripping devices from the sprocket wheels 26 to or beyon dthe sprocket Wheels 24. AAs has been stated, upon `passing around the sprocket wheel 24, the portions of the stalks verf-plant :parts adjacent the lower jaws of the gripping `devices will be fed into the bight between the roll 28 and plate 29, so that the fiber extraction will start adjacent the butts of the plant parts and as the gripping devices ad- Vance from sprocket wheels 24 to sprocket wheels 25, the fibers will be pulled through the space between roll 2.8 and plate 29 until the fibers are completely out of this space, whereupon the extracted fibers will drop downwardly by gravity into substantially vertical positions and they are then conducted by the further advance of the gripping devices to a discharge carrier upon which they are deposited for removal from the machine after the fibers are cut from the butt portions held by the gripping devices. v

Any suitable or desired means may be provided for cutting` the fibers from the butt portions thereof. Since the fiber's of certain plants, such for example as ramie, are quite tough and gummy and very difiicult to cut while wet, I have provided a cutting mechanism which greatly facilitates the cutting operation. I have found that if the fibers are under tension, they can be readily cut by a sharp cutting edge. Any suitable or desired means may be provided for applying tension to' the fibers adjacent the butt portions held in the gripping devices, and in the construction shown, see particularlyA Figs. 8 and 9, I provide a stationary fiber guide o'r deflecting member 115, Figs. l, 3 and 4, which may be suitably secured on th'e frame of the machine and which extends outwardly at an angle to the direction of movement of the gripping devices which support the fibers, in such a manner as to engage the fibers at a slight distance b'elow the gripping devices and deflect the same outwardly therefrom. This deiiecting or guide member may be of inverted U-shape in cross section, and the outer end thereof extends over a pulley 116 which is connected by means of a belt 117, Figs. 3 and 4, with another pulley 118. Consequently, as the gripping devices move along, the guide member 115 discharges th'e fibers on the belt 117. This belt and its pulleys are so arranged that the belt in its travel diverges from the path of movement of the gripping devices, for example, about ten degrees.

The belt 117 may be driven in any suitable or desired manner, and in the construction shown, the pulley 118 is rotatably mounted on a bearing bracket 120I secured on a part of the frame of the machine, see Figs. l', and 3 and 4. The other end of the shaft of the pulley 118 isprovided with a gear 121 which cooperates with a g'e'ar 122" secured on an upright shaft 12.3 on which the sprocket wheels 25 are also mounted'.

The fibers may be held frictionally and' under tension in contact with the belt 117 in any suitable manner, and in the construction shown, an idler wheel 125 is pr'ovided which engages the belt 117 and holds the fibers i'nV contact therewith. This wheel 1`25 may be mounted ona suitable bearing bracketl 126 securedt'o a part of the frame of the machine. This wheel 125 is also arrang'e'd? in a plane substantially coinciding with the plane of the belt 117, which plane is at an angle to the path of travel' of the gripping devices.

While the fibers are under tension, due t Contact with the belt 1'1'7 and idler Wheel 125, and du`e to the dv'ergen'ce of the travel of the belt andy the gripping de'- vices, they pass into engagement with a knife 128, Fig. 8, which may, for example, be a razor blader or the' like mounted `on a bracket 129 suitably secured on th'e frame of the machine, see also Fig'. 23. This knife cuts' the fibers adjacent the butt ends held by' the gripping' devices as the fibers move with the gripping devices and with the belt 117 and wheel' 125. Any other means for placing the fibers under tension whilebeing cut may be provided.

Means are also provided for collecting the extracted fibers when they are cut fromy the butt ends held' in the gripping devices and for moving them into a position to4 bereadily removed from the machine.` Referring t'o Fig." 3 ,-it`I will be noted that as the grippingy devices pull the bers out of the space between the extracting roll and plate, the bers will drop dov/n and hang downwardly from the gripping devices. At approximately the same time that the fibers drop downwardly after being released from the extracting roll and plate, they will come into engagement with a receiving bracket 135. This bracket is preferably one of a pair of brackets, the 'other bracket 136, being spaced somewhat ahead of the bracket 135. These pairs of brackets are arranged at intervals lengthwise of a sprocket chain 137 which is movable intermittently so that when one pair of brackets or arms holds a sufcient quantity of libers, the chain is advanced to present another pair of ber-receiving brackets or arms in position to receive the bers cut from the butts held by the gripping devices. In Fig. 3, one of the gripping devices is in position in which the bers are about to be cut from the butts held by the gripping devices, and these fibers are already draped over the arm or bracket 135. As the fibers are cut they will fall downwardly across the other bracket or arm 136, so that the bers will be held by the brackets or arms in hanks, the opposite ends of which hang downwardly from the arms or brackets. These arms or brackets 135 and 136, in the particular construction shown, are formed in one piece with a connecting rod 138, which is secured to one of the links of the fiber conveying sprocket chain 137. Any desired number of sets of brackets or arms may be mounted on the sprocket chain 137.

The sprocket chain 137, as clearly shown in Figs. l and 16, cooperates with sprocket wheels 1411 and 141 which may be suitably mounted on shafts 142 and 14S and the sprocket chain also engages with an idler sprocket wheel 144. The shafts may be `suitably journalled in any suitable manner on a diagonally extending frame member 145 of the frame of the machine and an extension thereof 146.

In the construction shown, the shaft 142 and sprocket wheel 140 are driven for intermittently advancing the chain 137, and for this purpose, a one-revolution clutch 147 is provided, see Fig. 16. This clutch may be of any suitable or desired type, and since clutches of this type are readily available in the market, details of the same are not herein shown. This clutch receives power for rotating the shaft 142 from a shaft 148 suitably driven in any desired manner. For example in the construction illustrated, this shaft is driven by means of a sprocket chain 150, which meshes with a sprocket wheel 151 mounted on the shaft 148 and with another sprocket wheel 152 which may be mounted on the upright shaft 123 on which the sprocket wheels 25 of the main chains are secured.

The one-revolution clutch 137 may be timed in `any suitable or desired manner so that the sprocket chain 137 will be advanced when a pair of liber receiving arms have received the desired amount of fiber. In the particular construction illustrated, see particularly Figs. 18 and 19, the clutch 147 is provided with a disk or plate 154, which is provided with a tooth 155, which is movable, after completing a revolution, into engagement with lan arm 157 of :a bell crank lever pivoted on a suitable xed bracket 158 secured to a frame member or part of the machine. 1f this bell crank lever is swung in a clockwise direction in Fig. 18, the arm or projection 157 thereof will be moved out of engagement with the projection 155 of the clutch member or ydisk 154 and will thus permit the part of the clutch connected with the shaft 142 to revolve until the projection 155 again engages the arm 157.

The swinging of the bell crank lever for disengaging the projection 155 of the clutch may be effected by any suitable timing mechanism driven by means of a shaft 160, Fig. 16, which may be geared to or otherwise suitably connected to a driven shaft of the machine, this connection not being shown in the drawings. The shaft 160 isv connected by means of a pair of beveled gears contained ina housing 161 with a horizontal shaft 162, Figs. 16 and 17. The shaft 162 is provided with an arm 163, see par'- ticularly Figs. 18 and 19. This arm has a part formed to engage the bell crank lever of which the arm 157 formsl a part. When the arm 163 swings upwardly in the direction indicated by the arrow in Fig. 18, it will be obvious' that this arm will engage the bell crank lever and move the arm 157 of the bell crank lever upwardly out of en` gagement with the shoulder or projection 155, and thus permit the clutch to make a revolution. Immediately after actuating the bell crank lever, the arm 163, due to continued rotation of the shaft 162, moves out of engagement therewith and permits the same to drop into the position shown in Fig. 18, so that the arm 157 of the bell crank lever will engage the clutch projection 155, and thus stop rotation of the shaft 142. The parts of the mechanism are so proportioned that :a single revolution of the shaft 142 will bring a pair of liber supporting arms into fiber receiving position between the sprocket gear and the idler 144. The other end of the ber conveying sprocket chain may extend into any convenient location at the rear of the machine when the bers may be removed manually from the arms 135 Iand 136.

The cutting of fiber from the butts held by the gripping members is very apt to take place while one pair of fiber receiving arms is moved out of receiving position and another pair is moving into receiving position. In order to prevent loss of such fibers and to prevent them from being disarranged with reference to other fibers, I provide means for temporarily holding extracted fibers which are cut while one set of ber receiving arms is being replaced by another set by rotation of the chain 137. In the construction shown for this purpose, I have provided a pair of temporary liber-holding pins 170, Fig. 19, and 171, Fig. 20. The pin is slidably mounted in the bracket 158 and the pin 171 is slidably mounted in another bracket 172 suitably secured on the frame member 145, Fig. 20, of the machine. Both of these pins are so mounted that they may be moved into outer positions in which they project into the path of the fiber and these pins may be withdrawn simultaneously to permit the liber collected thereon to drop on a pair of arms 135 and 136. The movement of these pins into and out of their operative positions must be so timed that the pins are in their outer positions during the movement of the liber-receiving arms on the chain 137 and withdrawn when the fiber-receiving arms 135 and 136 are in their fiber-receiving positions. This movement of the pins is preferably also controlled by means actuated by the timing shaft 160 which controls the one-revolution clutch 147. By way of example, the pin 171 may be actuated from the timing shaft 160 by means of a pair of bevel gears 173 connecting the shaft 161) with a horizontal shaft 174. The shaft 174, as shown in Figs. 16, 20 and 21 is provided with a crank 175 having an outwardly extending pin 176 to which one end of a coil spring 177 is connected. The other end of the spring is connected to 4a pin 178 secured to the ber-receiving pin 171. It will be, consequently, seen that rotary movement of the crank is converted into reciprocatory motion of the pin 171 by means of the spring 177. In Fig. 20, the position of the crank and spring shown in full lines indicates the position of the parts when the fiber holding pin 171 is withdrawn into a position in which the bers thereon will be dropped from the pin 171 to the arms 135 and 136, and when the pin is in this inner position, the fibers cut from the butts held by the gripping devices will drop directly on the arms 135 and 136. As the crank 174 rotates, the spring 177 will stretch `and when the crank is moved from the full line position shown in Fig. 20 into a position well beyond 90 degrees from that full line position, the spring will pull the pin 171 into its outer position indicated by the broken lines in Fig. 20.

The other pin 170 may be actuated by similar mechanism, and in Fig. 19, there is shown a pin 180 mounted on the fiber holding pin 170, another pin 181 is provided on the crank 163 and these two pins are connected by a coil spring 182. The operation of this mechanism is the same as that shown in Figs. and 21. The actuating mechanisms for the ber receiving pins 170 and 17 1 are correctly timed with reference to the mechanism for advancing the chain 137. Consequently, the bers will be carried by the chain 1 37 into a position in rear of the machine where they can readily be removed by an attendant from the arms 135 and 13,6.

Power for operating the various parts of the machine may be provided in any suitable manner. In the construction shown, Fig. 3, an internal combustion engine 190 is provided which is mounted on the lower part of the frame of the machine and which is connected by means of a belt or belts 191 to the shaft of the ber extracting roll 28. This shaft is preferably also provided at opposite ends thereof with flywheels :192 as shown in Fig. 1.

The engine through suitable gearing drives a horizontal shaft 194 extending along the base of the machine and this shaft in -turn drives the upright shaft 123 on which the sprocket wheels of the main chain 23 are secured and -from which power is Aalso taken for operating the belt 117 of the cutting mechanism as has been described. The timing shaft 160 may also lbe driven from the shaft 123 by any suitable or usual connection (not shown). Similarly the roll 64 and the chain 55 for presenting the plant parts in correct relation -to the machine may be driven from the shaft 123.

In current loperation the total eld tonnage of stems is transported to a central extracting factory where a massive machine of many tons weight extracts about 4 per cent of the total vegetable weight in dry ber. The other approximately 9.6 per cent o f the Weight must be returned and spread over the elds to eventually ,return the fertilizer elements to the soil in a form of compost. This two way freight lane amounts to approximately one half of `the total cost ofber extraction.

The ber extracting apparatus herein explained is light and portable and travels about the eld together with the cutting or reaping .equipment like a grain combine and cuts the standing -stems and delivers the extracted ber at once and .automatically spreads the plant refuse o ver the ground. Since theportable ber extractor eliminates the ltwo way haul, and the cost of vthat freight transportation is about one half the cost of ber production, then it is evident that the portable Vber machine will reduce the cost ofbers extraction approximately 50 per cent.

,Itis also factual that the-ber elds `must be not more than ve miles `from the central extraction plant for otherwise the freight lane cost makes ber p-roduction u nprotable. My improved machine requires no central factory, expensive roads or transportation equipment ,and theirupkeep.

In the central factory production operation, the liber is commonly extracted by `two extractor rolls each weighing approximately one-half ton. The blades of one ve footdiameter -roll strikes the plant part at about the center of its length and extracts the ber toward one end of the plant part. The other roll begins operation at the center of the Iplant part and extracts the bers in the untreated end. Thus .the bers are extracted by beginning at the middle of the stem or leaf and scraping away the pulp toward each end.

In all Aber producing plants the vbers grow from butt to-tip and terminate at various distances along the length of the plant part culminating in only a few immature ends of-ber at the tip. Therefore, it is evident-that about half of ythe-bers are half asflong as the leaf or stem, and that these shortbers are inthe lbutthalf of the plant part.

`Since the ber extraction is begun at the `center of the plant part -bya scraping vaction toward the butt it is axiomatic that all the =bers half aslong as the leaf are cast-out with the pulp and skin or bark. This lost en- `tangled-bermakesthe:loading and unloading and spreading-of 'the -waste in the;y eld -a dicult and expensive Aoperation. My improved machine operates by scraping the pulp from the bers beginning at the butt of the leaf or stem and p-rogressing to the tip, which improved operational plan retains the short bers discarded by all other existing machines. All of the bers which are less than half as long as the stem are thrown away by prior machines, and these short bers are saved by my improved machine.

Many ber bearing plants have marginal thorns and a larger terminal thorn. The bers terminate in these tiorns. Such plant parts are not processed at present because the thorns entangle with thebers and destroy them and the cost of removal is prohibitive. However, there is a great supply of many valuable bers in these plants which abound in the tropics.

By means of the ber extracting apparatus and process herein described, whereby the action of the extracting roll and plate begins near the butt portion of the plant parts, such thorns are discarded by the extracting roll at the lower portion of the space between the roll and the plate, and consequently, do not enter into this space, where they are apt to damage bers which are being extracted. With my improved machine all this abundance of good ber can be utilized.

In current machines the speed of the extracting blades over the ber is more or less 3000 per minute.

My extracting roll may be operated at any desired speeds. For example, and especially so with ramie, if the roll is rotated at such speed that the blades of the roll travel over the 4bers at approximately 50,000 per minute, so much of the undesired material is removed from the bers that the .bers are of a much lighter color than has heretofore been possible to obtain by mechanism extraction. This indicates that notl only is most of the pulp and other hon-brous materials removed, but also most of the superficial acids and gums. This pre-cleaning o f the bers by rapid rotation of the roll does .not weaken the bers. Such light colored bers are much easier to ydegum and require much less chemicals and time during subsequent degumming treatment. Consequently, stronger bers are obtained.

This exceptional cleaning of the bers by rapid rotation of the roll may be attributed to various causes. As has been stated and illustrated in Fig. 22, the bers form cords when stretched across the edges of adjacent blades. At high roll speeds, the bers of these cords vibrate similar to the strings of a musical instrument. Since alternate pairs of blades have .their edges spaced at different distances, the vibrations will .be different in alternate spaces between the blades. These rapid vibrations cause the bers to shake off non-brous material attached thereto, and particles of such .material which are not shaken olf indone of these spaces will be shaken off when the bers `vibrate at `a different rate in other spaces. These vibrating cords travel lengthwise of the bers, superccding each other, `so that each part of a ber is intermittently vibrated at different high speeds. The vibrations fade outand changeaseachber part passes the edges of two blades. Y Theefciency of this vibrating action to free the individual vbers of adhering moisture, plant juices, and broken cell structure with gums clinging thereto is enhanced by virtue of the bers traveling in succeeding vibrating eordsapd in opposite direction to the travel ofthe revolving blades. There is a progressive, successive cleaning of the same portion of the ber as it travels upwardin several different vibrating segments.

' Due to the high speed of the roll, the blades produce rapidly owing air currents which emerge partly at the ends of the roll. This airow or blast, at high roll speeds may .exceed 60 lmiles .per hour and ,cooperates with the rapid yvibration ofthe bers to remove non-brous material therefrom. Furthermore, lbecause of the different slant of adjacent blades and theiresulting different capacities ofthespacesbetween the blades, the air flow or blast will vary `intermittently in quantity and intensity orrate 

1. APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FIBERS FROM FIBER BEARNG PLANT PARTS, INCLUDING A ROTARY EXTRACTING ROLL AND A COOPERATING PLATE FORMING BETWEEN THEM A SPACE IN WHICH FIBERS ARE EXTRACTED FROM PLANT PARTS AND FORMED TO PRODUCE A FLARING ENTRANCE TO SAID SPACE AT ONE END OF SAID ROLL AND PLATE, A PLURALITY OF GRIPPING DEVICES WHICH GRIP PLANT PARTS FROM WHICH FIBERS ARE TO BE EXTRACTED, A SPROCKET CHAIN ON WHICH SAID GRIPPING DEVICES ARE MOUNTED AND WHICH IS ARRANGED IN A SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTAL PLANE, MEANS FOR DEFLECTING THE PORTIONS OF THE PLANTS PARTS BEYOND SAID GRIPPING DEVICES DOWNWARDLY, SPROCKET WHEELS ABOUT WHICH SAID CHAIN PASSES, ONE OF SAID SPROCKET WHEELS BEING LOCATED ADJACENT TO SAID FLARING ENTRANCE, SAID CARRIERS WHEN PASSING AROUND SAID LAST MENTIONED SPROCKET WHEEL MOVING SAID DOWNWARDLY DEFLECTED PORTIONS OF THE PLANT PARTS ADJACENT TO SAID CARRIERS THROUGH SAID FLARING ENTRANCE INTO SAID SPACE, SAID GRIPPING DEVICES WHEN PASSING FROM SAID LAST MENTIONED SPROCKET WHEEL TO THE NEXT SPROCKET WHEEL MOVING SAID PLANT PARTS SUBSTANTIALLY IN THE DIRECTION OF THEIR LENGTH THROUGH SAID SPACE FOR REMOVING NON-FIBROUS PLANTS PARTS THEREFROM, AND MEANS FOR DISCHARGING THE PLANT FROM SAID GRIPPING DEVICES WHEN FIBERS OF THE PLANT PARTS HELD THEREBY HAVE BEEN DRAWN THROUGH SAID SPACE IN A DIRECTION SUBSTANTIALLY PERPENDICULAR TO THE AXIS OF SAID ROLL. 